During the 1894 excavations in a cave known as la Grotte du Pape, just outside the southern French village of Brassempouy, archaeologists recovered what must surely be one of the most well known faces of the Upper Palaeolithic – the Venus of Brassempouy. Coming face-to-face with the original (I was not allowed to touch it, quite rightly) about 20 years ago, I can honestly say it sent a shiver down my spine. So I bought a replica of the figurine and it still sits on my desk today.
- Thomas Dowson
- Last Checked and/or Updated 15 December 2021
- Amazing Artefacts, France
- Featured Image BastienM/Wikimedia
Carved in mammoth ivory, she is only 3.65 cm high, just over 2 cm deep and 1.9 cm wide. Her triangular face has a forehead, nose and brows that were carved in relief, but a mouth was not included. The vertical crack on the right side of her face is a result of the internal structure of the ivory. On her head is a checkerboard-like pattern formed by a series of shallow incisions at right angles to each other that have been variously interpreted as a representation of her hair, a wig, or even a hood.
Although discovered when excavation techniques were not as they are now, it is thought that the figurine is contemporary with many other female figurines of the European Upper Palaeolithic, dating to sometime between 26,000 and 24,000 BP. The Venus de Brassempouy, also called la Dame à la Capuche (lady with the Hood), was found along with eight other figurines.
The original of the Venus de Brassempouy is in the Musée des Antiquités Nationales, Saint-Germaine-en-Laye, just outside of Paris. Unfortunately, because it is made of ivory, which is susceptible to light, moisture and temperature, it is not on permanent display. An excellent cast of the object can be seen along with many other Upper Palaeolithic figurines.
The village of Brassempouy in the south of France (Landes Department) also has an excellent museum that is well worth visiting, La Maison de la Dame à Brassempouy. The museum is devoted to the Palaeolithic archaeology of the region, but has a wonderful set of casts of the nine figurines recovered from the deposits in la Grotte du Pape as well as those of other figurines found elsewhere around Europe.
Add Brassempouy & Grottes du Pape to Your Itineraries & Travel Lists
If you are already planning a trip to France to see the cave art, and other attractions, create your own travel lists (such as places you have been to, places you would like to visit) and an itinerary for your London visit. You can see how this is done by watching our Using the Itinerary video on YouTube, or reading the Using the Itinerary page.
For more points of interest to include in your itinerary, see:
Préhistosite de Brassempouy
About 3 km from the town of Brassempouy is the Grottes du Pape, an important Stone Age archaeological site. It is perhaps most well known for the small sculpture carved in mammoth ivory depicting a woman’s head. The so-called Venus of Brassempouy. The visitor centre in the town displays many artefacts from the cave, as well as a large collection of Venus figurine sculptures from around Europe. Guided tours to the cave are also offered, as are a number of other activities related to both archaeology and life in the Stone Age.
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Archaeology Travel Writer
